Zachary Mclean
11-4-04
ES7
SECTION 1 ASSESSMENT
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The process by which rocks on or near Earth’s surface break down and change is called weathering. The removal and transport of weathered material from one location to another is known as erosion.
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Mechanical weathering, temperature, frost sedgin, pressure, exfoliation, and chemical weathering.
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Temperature and pressure.
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Rain may bring in chemicals to assist chemical weathering.
SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT
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Without gravity, glaciers would not move downslope and streams would not flow. Gravity is also an agent of mass movements such as landslides, mudflows, and avalanches.
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Gravity causes erosion by landslides, mudslides, etc. Running water causes erosion by mudslides and by pulling dirt downstream, and by rill and gully erosion.
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Rill erosion is erosion by running water in small channels, on the side of the slope. When a channel becomes deep and wide, it can evolve into gully erosion.
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Humans excavate areas and move soil from one location to another. Humans also dump pollutants into rivers, ocean, etc. the chemicals are evaporated and cause chemical rain, etc.
SECTION 3 ASSESSMENT
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The soil-forming process begins when weathering breaks solid bedrock into smaller pieces. These pieces of rock continue to undergo weathering and break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Many organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and insects, begin to live in these weathered materials. Over time, the organisms, die, decay, and add nutrients to the weathered materials to form soil, which, in turn, supports a variety of life forms.
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A- High concentrations of organic matter and humus are found in this soil It is usually dark colored and ranges in color from gray to black.
B- This soil contains subsoils that are enriched with clay minerals. Many subsoils have a zone of accumulation consisting of soluble minerals that have been leached, or washed out, from the topsoil. Subsoils may be red or brown in color as a result of the presence of iron oxides. Accumulations of clay in this soil can cause the formation of hard material, commonly called hardpan, which may be so dense that it allows little or no water to pass through it.
C- Contains weathered parent material. It is below B soil and directly above solid bedrock.
3. Temperate soils vary greatly and are able to support such diverse environments as forest, grasslands, and prairies. They experience 50-60cm of rainfall a year. Tropical soils experience high temperatures and heavy rainfall. These conditions lead to the development of intensly weathered and often infertile soil. They have very little humus and very few nutrients.
4. The most nutrient filled soil (horizon a) is usually on top. Then clay, then hard rocks at the bottom.
SECTION ASSESSMENT
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A
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B
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A
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A
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C
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B
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?
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?
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A
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A
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?
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Humans can put chemicals into the air, which causes such things as acid rain. Acid rain increases weathering.
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The process of beach cliffs wearing down, and becoming unstable, leading to a house falling down the cliff, or because the beach recedes, the house might be in the water.
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Both are chemical weathering. They also make changes to the composition of the rock.
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It can wear away Earth’s surface.
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It decreases wind erosion.
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Glaciers make indentations in earth, but they drop off the material at another location.
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Water expands when it freezes, and contracts when it melts.
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Because much more chemicals are pumped into bodies of water, and when the water precipitates, the chemicals precipitate with it and cause acidic precipitation.
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There would no longer be any erosion by water. It would all be done by things like wind, gravity, etc.
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A human life span can be somewhere around 70 to 80 years. It can take hundreds of years for one centimeter of soil to form.
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Carbon dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere and falls to the ground during precipitation.
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I can’t do this part on the computer.
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Can’t do this on the computer.
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Running water, rill erosion, gully erosion. Glaciers, polished surfaces, U shaped valleys. Little vegetation, wind, sand dunes.
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